The low-pass single-pole IIR filter is a very useful tool to have in your DSP toolbox. Its performance in the frequency domain may not be stellar, but it is very computationally efficient. A low-pass single-pole IIR filter has a single design parameter, which is the decay value d. It is customary to define parameters…
The moving-average filter is a strong performer in the time domain, but not in the frequency domain. For those cases where you have to work with data for which both domains are important, there are “weighted” versions of the moving average that are…
After introducing several types of filters in previous articles, this article compares their performance in the time and frequency domain. This is important because the choice of filter is strongly influenced by the domain in which the useful information in your signal is situated…
The moving average is often used for smoothing data in the presence of noise. The simple moving average is not always recognized as the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter that it is, while it is actually one of the most common filters in signal processing. Treating it as a filter allows…
I have just posted a major update of my filter design tool. Go to the tool. The new version of the tool allows you to change the sampling rate away from the default of using normalized frequency (but beware of the caveats). Finally, you can also…
Frequency response plots are often shown with normalized frequency on the X-axis. This sometimes confuses people. The normalized frequency is computed by dividing the true frequency by the sampling rate. Hence, the sampling rate itself has…
How to create a simple band-pass or band-reject filter, given two cutoff frequencies? These filters can be created by combining low-pass and high-pass filters. To do that, you need…
How to create a simple high-pass filter, given a cutoff frequency and a transition bandwidth? A high-pass filter can be created by building a low-pass filter first, and then using spectral inversion to convert it into a high-pass one. Starting from the…
How to create a simple low-pass filter, given a cutoff frequency and a transition bandwidth? A low-pass filter is meant to allow low frequencies to pass, but to stop high frequencies. Theoretically, the ideal (i.e., perfect) low-pass filter is the sinc filter. The sinc function is defined as…